Volume 33, Number 5, 2009

The sustainability of irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in lowland soils is based on the use of crop rotation and succession, which are essential for the control of red and black rice. The effects on the soil properties deserve studies, particularly on soil compaction. The objective of this study was to identify compacted layers in an Albaqualf under different cultivation and tillage systems, by evaluating the soil bulk density (Ds) with Gamma Ray Computed Tomography (TC). The analysis was carried […]

Restrictive physical conditions for an adequate plant development reduce the productive capacity of soils and environmental sustainability. An important parameter to express these restrictions is the least limiting water range (LLWR), which is used in combination with soil physical properties that influence plant development. To evaluate the LLWR and porosity of soils under coffee and pasture in the Capituvas River microbasin, a representative area of the Coqueiral Resereve was chosen. Undisturbed samples of a typical Dystrophic Red Latosol (LVd- Oxisol), […]

Soil water properties are related to crop growth and environmental aspects and are influenced by the degree of soil compaction. The objective of this study was to determine the water infiltration and hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil under field conditions in terms of the compaction degree of two Oxisols under a no-tillage (NT). Two commercial fields were studied in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: one a Haplortox after 14 years under NT; the other a Hapludox after […]

The chemistry of the soil solution can be regarded as an indicator of the presence of nutrients or contaminants in the soil. To evaluate the variation of this chemical composition in the soil pores, a sequential system of extraction of the soil solution from the different soil pore classes was used. Soil columns were constructed and filled with air-dried fine soil of a Dystrophic Ultisol, and irrigated with: distilled water (T1), treated wastewater (T2) and treated wastewater + 1.2 g […]

Ni(II)-Fe(II)-Fe(III) layered double hydroxides (LDH) or Ni-containing sulfate green rust (GR2) samples were prepared from Ni(II), Fe(II) and Fe(III) sulfate salts and analyzed with X ray diffraction. Nickel is readily incorporated in the GR2 structure and forms a solid solution between GR2 and a Ni(II)-Fe(III) LDH. There is a correlation between the unit cell a-value and the fraction of Ni(II) incorporated into the Ni(II)-GR2 structure. Since there is strong evidence that the divalent/trivalent cation ratio in GR2 is fixed at […]

The substitution of the native Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) vegetation by planted eucalyptus forests can influence the C and N pools in the different soil organic matter (SOM) fractions. However, the intensity and direction of this change depend on the soil type, climate, and management techniques in the planted area. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of eucalypt plantations on the C and N pool of labile and stable SOM fractions in an area previously occupied with […]

The replacement of forest environments by pastures leads to fundamental alterations in soil carbon stocks and consequently in the global cycle of this element. This study was conducted in the municipality of Itabela, Bahia, and the objective was to evaluate carbon stocks in soils of a natural forest in comparison to degraded and productive pastures with different usage periods. For this purpose, remnants of the Atlantic Forest, productive pastures after different periods of use (2, 9 and 18 years) and […]

In the Earth’s carbon cycle, C stocks in the soil are higher than in vegetation and atmosphere. Maintaining and conserving organic C concentrations in the soil by specific management practices can improve soil fertility and productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of agricultural management techniques and influence of water regime (flooded or drained) on the structure of humic substances by excitation/emission matrix fluorescence. Six samples of a Planosol (Planossolo by the Brazilian System of Soil […]

The porosity of the clay fraction is very important for the understanding of the physicochemical phenomena which are relate to the specific surface area of solid particles. The specific surface area (SBET) and porosity of clay fractions of two Rhodic Ferralsols in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, natural kaolinite (KGa2), synthetic goethite (Gt) and hematite (Hm) were evaluated through adsorption and desorption isotherms of N2.. Results concerning SBET and particle porosity were related to the maximum P […]

The ideal N fertilization should be defined to satisfy the crop needs, but with minimum environmental risk. For this purpose, N fertilizer recommendations must be as accurate as possible. This study was carried out in a sand-clay soil (22 º 42 ‘ 30 ” S; 47 º 38 ‘ 00 ” W; 546 m asl) and the objective was to evaluate the internal drainage and nitrate leaching during the cycles of three crops in succession under no-tillage at a soil […]