Volume 35, Number 4, 2011

The complete sample dispersion and maintenance of stability in the dispersed phase are fundamental for a greater accuracy in soil texture analysis. For this purpose, Na+ and Li+ compounds were tested as alternative chemical dispersants, compared to a 10 mmol L-1 NaOH solution, for the possibility of a more effective dispersion and to minimize the presence of pseudo components, basically pseudo-silt, in the particle size analysis of Oxisols. Eight samples of Oxisols from the State of Minas Gerais, selected for […]

Soil β-glucosidase participates in the final step of cellulose biodegradation. It is significant in the soil C cycle and is used as an indicator of the biological fertility of soil. However, the response of its kinetic parameters to environmental temperature and moisture regimes is not well understood. This study tested the β-glucosidase response in the main agricultural soils (black soil, albic soil, brown soil, and cinnamon soil) of Northeast China. Incubation tests were conducted to measure the kinetic parameters Km, […]

Wastewater application to soil is an alternative for fertilization and water reuse. However, particular care must be taken with this practice, since successive wastewater applications can cause soil salinization. Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) allows for the simultaneous and continuous monitoring of both soil water content and apparent electrical conductivity and thus for the indirect measurement of the electrical conductivity of the soil solution. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of TDR for the indirect determination of the electrical conductivity (ECse) […]

The soil P sorption capacity has been studied for many years, but little attention has been paid to the rate of this process, which is relevant in the planning of phosphate fertilization. The purpose of this experiment was to assess kinetics of P sorption in 12 representative soil profiles of the State of Paraíba (Brazil), select the best data fitting among four equations and relate these coefficients to the soil properties. Samples of 12 soils with wide diversity of physical, […]

The retention in soil profiles of surface-applied mineral elements is crucial to maintain the water quality and reduce environmental and economic damages. This study evaluated: the mobility of potassium, calcium and magnesium, aluminum and organic matter contents and changes in pH in an Eutroferric Red Latosol under no-tillage, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of percolated water. Mobility was assessed in an undisturbed soil column with preserved structure and treated with mineral (100 kg ha-1) and organic (150 m3 ha-1) […]

Density fractionation is an important tool to determine the physical protection of organic matter within soil aggregates, but results may be affected by the mesh size used to sieve soil samples. The hypothesis of this study is that in comparison to 9.5 mm sieve, sieving through 2 mm mesh results in excessive soil disaggregation by releasing organic matter originally protected within aggregates and consequently leads to underestimations of the carbon content in the occluded light fraction (OLF-C) and of the […]

This study proposes a method of direct and simultaneous determination of the amount of Ca2+ and Mg2+ present in soil extracts using a Calcium Ion-Selective Electrode and by Complexometric Titration (ISE-CT). The results were compared to those obtained by conventional analytical techniques of Complexometric Titration (CT) and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). There were no significant differences in the determination of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in comparison with CT and FAAS, at a 95 % confidence level. Additionally, results of this […]

This study evaluated the effect of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) as cover crop on maize nutrition and yield under no tillage using isotope techniques. For this purpose, three experiments were carried out: 1) quantification of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in hairy vetch; 2) estimation of the N release rate from hairy vetch residues on the soil surface; 3) quantification of 15N recovery by maize from labeled hairy vetch under three rates of mineral N fertilization. This two-year field experiment […]

Selenium is an important antioxidant element associated with physiological processes in plants, microorganisms, animals, and humans. However, its mode of action and essentiality in plants are still disputed. In Brazil, information on Se in agricultural crops is extremely scarce, though there are indications that low levels of Se are being consumed by the population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of selenate and selenite on yield, mineral nutrition and biofortification with Se of lettuce cultivars. The […]

Rice is classified as an ammonium (NH4+)- tolerant plant due the predominance of this ion in flooded soils. However, in the oxygenated zones of flooded soil and in the rice rhizosphere, nitrate (NO3–) can be formed and become an important nitrogen (N) source for the crop. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different ammonium:nitrate proportions on rice development in nutrient solution. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, from January until February 2008 in a […]