Intensive soil mobilization in the conventional tillage system has caused soil structure degradation, soil compaction below the arable layer, and decreased macroporosity. These changes resulted in reduced soil water infiltration rate and increased runoff, soil erosion and sedimentation in rivers and reservoirs. In the no tillage system the water erosion from the soil surface is practically controlled, and the terraces were eliminated by the farmers. Nevertheless, the surface flow is higher than it was in the conventional tillage system. With […]

The application of sludges, especially sewage-sludge (SS) to agricultural soils is one of the most rational ways of using this residue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of SS on some chemical properties of an SS-amended Ultisol under sugarcane (variety RB 855536) for two years; from October 2002 to August 2003 – growing season 2003/04 and from October 2003 to October 04, designated 2004/05 crop season. Eight treatments were evaluated: (a) control; (b) Mineral fertilization (120 kg ha-1 […]

Brazil is the world’s largest sugarcane producer, so changes in sugarcane management in Brazil can affect the environment to a great extent. During almost one century, studies were carried out in cropping systems involving pre-harvest burning of aerial sugarcane residues. Nowadays the green trash management of sugarcane residues has become a common practice, although the effects are still poorly documented. The objective of this work was to compare topsoil carbon and nitrogen stocks, aggregation and bulk density in Brazilian sugarcane […]

Different agricultural practices accomplish distinct controls on microbial C an N dynamics. The dynamics of microbial C and N in soils under no-tillage system (NT) were evaluated in the crop sequences corn/wheat/soybean and soybean/wheat/soybean in soils with different texture, areas and periods under NT at the “Santa Branca” farm, Tibagi, Paraná State, Brazil (50 ° 23 ‘ W, 24 ° 36 ‘ N). The experiment was installed at four sites, three of which had been NT cultivated in the previous 12 years, with the following textures: clay (PD12-TmuA); sandy-clay […]

The accurate determination of the clay component contents of Latosols can contribute for the improvement of both use and management of such soils. In this research, the kaolinite and gibbsite contents of iron-free clay in Latosols were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and with the application of the Rietveld method to X-ray diffraction data for comparison with mineral contents calculated by the allocation method. It is likely that crystallographic differences between kaolinite and gibbsite used in the DSC calibrations […]

The determination of the non-reacted lime fraction in the soil (“residual lime”) after initial surface application of lime without incorporation in no-tillage systems can be important to determine when lime reapplication is necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate: the exchangeable Ca and Mg contents, extracted by percolation with a KCl solution or ion exchange resin; the quantity of applied lime that had not reacted in the soil, determined based on the non-exchangeable Ca and Mg contents; and […]

Plant nutrient extraction has been used to remove inorganic ions from soil or other polluted media. In this study, the nutrient extraction capacity of the macrophytes Typha sp. and Eleocharis sp., cultivated as monoculture and as consortium, was evaluated in a growing medium containing rubble and leachate of an urban landfill. The plants were grown in wooden boxes containing rubble and leachate as substrate, in a plastic greenhouse, for five months. The total concentration and amount of macro (N, P, […]

The physical conditioning of the soil around seeds is of great importance for an adequate initial development of a crop, ensuring a healthy plant population. A suitable soil-seed contact is a prerequisite for a fast crop germination and good establishment. In this study, computerized tomography of millimeter resolution was used to determine the soil-seed environment in a no tillage system, immediately after soybean planting. A split plot design was used, in which the plots consisted of three contents of soil […]

Part of agricultural production index variability is associated with soil and landscape characteristics. Management practices such as fertilizer application should therefore take the soil spatial variability into account. Remote sensing is a tool that can provide faster information for soil management because it relates electromagnetic radiation with soil attributes. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the spectral response, at two data acquisition levels (terrestrial and orbital), of different soil classes across toposequences in the region of São Carlos and Ibaté, […]

The organic carbon accumulation observed in soils under no-till system can increase the soil elasticity, resulting in a higher resistance to soil compaction. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of water content and soil organic carbon (SOC) enrichment on soil elasticity. Samples of a Hapludalf and a Typic Hapludox in southern Brazil, both with a significant variation in SOC content, were equilibrated at four different water tensions, and then loaded and unloaded on a uniaxial apparatus. The […]