The use of sewage sludge (SS) in agricultural soils is one of the most viable forms of recycling this residue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of SS application on castor bean yield and nutrition in a clayey dystrophic Ultisol following a rotation of sugarcane. The treatments tested were four sewage-sludge rates (0, 5, 10, and 20 t ha-1, dry matter) calculated to supply plants with N at amounts of 0, 37.5 kg ha-1, 75 kg […]

It is convenient to apply nutrients in fertigation at an appropriate depth, in order to locate those elements at a convenient place for plant uptake. So, an experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions using percolation columns, to establish the irrigation lamina fraction in which N (NH4+ e NO3–), K+, and H2PO4– doses must be applied as well as the optimum dose fractioning of these nutrients so as to locate their adequate depth and determine the distribution of fertigated NH4+, […]

The experiment was conducted with the sugar cane variety SP81 3250, in a commercial area of the sugar mill São Martinho (Pradópolis-SP), on a clay-texture Rhodic eutrustox. The experimental had a randomized block design with four replications. Bags containing straw enriched with 15N (1.07 % 15N atoms) equivalent to 9 t ha-1 dry matter were placed on the soil surface between the sugar cane plant rows in all treatments (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1 of N). After 14 […]

Nitrogen is the mineral nutrient required most by plants. There are, however, no studies on N fertilization calibration for rooted cocoa tree cutting production on substrate and frequent irrigation. The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of urea fertilization on substrate and leaves for rooted cocoa tree cutting and to define N recommendable doses and foliar critical N level. The experiment was set up in a rooted cutting breeding nursery of the Cocoa Biofactory Institute, in Ilheus, […]

In Brazil, afforestation programs use mainly eucalyptus and it has been frequently questioned due to possible changes in the soil caused by this exotic tree species. The impact of land use changes can vary with climate conditions and soil, and results obtained in a specific area may not be extrapolated to the supra-regional level. Biomass and microbial activity have been suggested as appropriate indicators of soil disturbance caused by management techniques. In this study, these characteristics were used to evaluate […]

The use of cover crops preceding corn is an alternative to supply nitrogen (N) and to make no-till system viable regions with dry winter such as in the Southeast, Center-West, North, and Northeast of Brazil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate N levels and the effect of cover plants on N supply and corn yield in no-till system. The study was carried out from 2000 to 2003. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with split-split plots and four […]

Nitrogen removal in soybean grains at harvest may exceed biological N2 fixation, particularly if grain yields are as high as typically achieved on “Terra Rossa” soils of Eastern Paraguay. Applying N fertilizer or coating seeds with rhizobial inoculants that enhance nodulation may represent a way of balancing the N budget. However, the effects of such treatments appear to be highly site-specific. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of N application (N) and rhizobial inoculation (I) on […]

Ammonium and nitrate ions from soil organic N mineralization are the predominant N mineral forms available to plants. The ion ratio and distribution along the soil profile show daily fluctuations and oscillate seasonally. NH4+ and NO3– soil content were evaluated in two adjacent plots, one of them farmed continuously with barley, soybean and barley in a no-tillage system for more than 10 years, with pH 6.0 and fertilized with P and K. A second plot was maintained undisturbed, with native […]

Nitrogen fertilization positively influences nutritional aspects in grass and can result in largely recovered pastures. The research objective was to study the nutrition of marandu grass treated with nitrogen doses and sources, by methods of indirect determination of chlorophyll (SPAD) and total nitrogen concentration and the relation between them and inorganic nitrogen contents (N-NH4+ and N-NO3–) in plant leaves. The experiment was carried out from July of 2003 to March of 2006 on a model farm of the Universidade Estadual […]

The humification degree and the chemical nature of organic residues are essential factors controlling their degradation and nutrient release. To characterize the organic matrix, samples of sewage sludge, poultry, pig, cattle and quail manure, besides commercial compost, organic substrate and humic material were analyzed for: pH, electric conductivity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), water retention capacity, concentration of total N and mineral N, organic matter, total organic carbon (TOC) and the TOC fractions: humic acid C-fraction; fulvic acid C-fraction, water soluble […]