Volume 24, Number 2, 2000

Thirty Panicum maximum Jacq. genotypes were screened for aluminum tolerance at aluminum rates 0, 12 e 24 mg L-1 in nutrient solution. The effects of the aluminum in Al-induced inhibition of root elongation and Al-tolerance index allowed classification into three different Al tolerance groups: tolerant, medium and sensitive. Most of the genotypes presented moderate even low tolerance to aluminum toxicity, although K191, T95, T84, T91, Centenário were Al-tolerant and Centauro, K68, K214, T46 were Al-sensitive genotypes.

Available soil phosphorus is maintained by less labile form that, in the long term, can become available to the plants. The aim of this research was to determine the depletion of various inorganic phosphorus fractions after successive extraction with resin. Soil samples were collected in four long-term experiments under no tillage or conventional tillage systems with different crop sequence. The soils (heavy clay Rhodic Hapludox, clay Rhodic Hapludox and clay loam Rhodic Paleudult) were collected from three depths, 0-2.5, 2.5-7.5 […]

Manganese toxicity may be a major constraint to cotton production in the states of São Paulo and Paraná and Mn deficiency may be a problem in the cerrado areas of Brazil. The objective of this experiment was to study the differential response of three cotton cultivars to Mn in nutrient solution. Cotton plants of the cultivars Coodetec 401, CNPA-ITM 90 and IAC 22 were grown in pots with nutrient solutions containing 0.0, 36.4, 72.8, 145.5 and 290.9 mmol L-1 of […]

Urea and uan were side-dressed applied on the soil surface and incorporated (5-7 cm) to corn in a no-tillage system to study the balance of urea-N (15N) at harvest and measure the accumulated losses of NH3-N derived from these sources and from urea + KCl (solid) and uan + KCl (liquid), applied as 06-00-09 (N-P2O5-K2O) to the surface only. The treatments-originated from a factorial 1 + (2 x 2) + 2, with plot being + factorial 2 x 2 (two […]

The spatial variability of strongly weathered soils under sugarcane and soybean/wheat rotation was quantitatively assessed on 33 fields in two regions in São Paulo State, Brazil: Araras (15 fields with sugarcane) and Assis (11 fields with sugarcane and seven fields with soybean/wheat rotation). Statistical methods used were: nested analysis of variance (for 11 fields), semivariance analysis and analysis of variance within and between fields. Spatial levels from 50 m to several km were analyzed. Results are discussed with reference to […]

The quality of semi-detailed (scale 1:100.000) soil maps and the utility of a taxonomically based legend were assessed by studying 33 apparently homogeneous fields with strongly weathered soils in two regions in São Paulo State: Araras and Assis. An independent data set of 395 auger sites was used to determine purity of soil mapping units and analysis of variance within and between mapping units and soil classification units. Twenty three soil profiles were studied in detail. The studied soil maps […]

The influence of no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems, native forest (NF) and grassland (G), on the population density and biomass of Oligochaeta Amynthas spp., at Campos Gerais in the state of Paraná, Brazil, was evaluated monthly between February 1993 and January 1994. For the NT and CT systems, the areas were cultivated with corn, triticale and soybean, while, the native field consisted of vegetation of steppes of low grasses and a range forest of gallery forest. The population […]

In conservation tillage systems, the residue cover and surface soil roughness decrease runoff and allow increased terrace distance, as compared to conventional tillage systems, in spite of the increase of surface consolidation which occurs especially in no-tillage systems. The distance between terraces should not allow runoff between them since this would cause residue removal and increased erosion as well as a runoff volume or rate higher than the terraces’-channel capacity. The distance between terraces was determined at the Agronomic Experimental […]

Raindrop impact and runoff are the active agents of water erosion, which is influenced by soil roughness and cover, crop type and tillage system. Conservation tillage reduces water erosion in relation to conventional tillage by means of surface roughness and cover. This work was conducted in Centro de Ciência Agroveterinárias, in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil, from January 1993, to October 1998 to quantify soil and runoff losses under natural rainfall in the following soil tillage downslope systems: no-tillage, chisel plow […]

Erosion is one of the main causes of soil degradation because of the transport of nutrients. The nutrients are transported by water either dissolved or adsorbed on the soil particles, and the erosion rate may vary according to the tillage system. This work was conducted at the Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil, from January 1993 to October 1998, to quantify the losses of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic carbon due to erosion caused by natural […]