Volume 36, Number 5, 2012

Sulfur (S) deficiency in soils is becoming increasingly common in many areas of the world as a result of agronomic practices, high biomass exportation and reduced S emissions to the atmosphere. In this review, the incidence and commercial exploitation of S pools in nature are discussed, as well as the importance of S for plants and the organic and inorganic S forms in soil and their transformations, especially the process of microbiological oxidation of elemental sulfur (S0) as an alternative […]

The soils, especially the Spodosols, of the “restinga”, a coastal plain, are poorly studied and understood in Brazil. In this work, the micromorphology of spodic horizons was investigated at four sites of the coastal plain of the State of São Paulo (Bertioga, Ilha de Cananeia, Ilha do Cardoso, and Ilha Comprida). This allowed the characterization of different organic matter forms.  These data, together with macromorphology, were used in the analysis of the main processes involved in the genesis of spodic […]

Despite the interest in the spatial variability of key soil properties, depth-related variations have only recently received more attention in the literature. Of all soil properties, soil organic carbon (SOC) is perhaps the most depth-related and difficult to understand. Soil data from two regions in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were used to model SOC profiles and identify factors of influence. In both the South and Southern Espinhaço regions, SOC profiles were best described by log functions. Oxisols had […]

The interactions between soil invertebrates and environmental variations are relatively unknown in the assessment of soil quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil quality in areas with different soil management systems, based on soil fauna as indicator, in Além Paraíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The soil invertebrate community was sampled using pitfall traps, in the dry and rainy seasons, from areas with five vegetation types (acacia, mimosa, eucalyptus, pasture, and secondary forest). The abundance of organisms and the […]

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) can obtain sufficient N for its own supply from the atmosphere, by the process of biological nitrogen fixation (FBN), when associated with specific and effective rhizobia bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different rhizobia inoculum rates on nodulation and biological N fixation by cowpea (cv. BRS Pujante). A complete randomized block design with seven treatments and four replicates was used. The trial was conducted in a greenhouse using 2 […]

Several reports have shown the benefits of atmospheric nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes in growth and nutrition of many plant species; however, these microorganisms in the rhizosphere of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) have not been investigated so far. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of diazotrophic bacteria in soils and roots of a plantation of rubber trees, and to isolate and characterize these bacteria. For this purpose, soil and fine roots of rubber trees were sampled on the […]

Soil water storage is very variable in time and space due to the influence of various environmental factors and topography. The objective was to: i) quantify the soil water storage, ii) assess the temporal stability and spatial variability of a point near to and one distant from the root system in a common bean – black oat succession iii) verify the spatial variability as a function of the soil relief. In the experimental area (1500 m2), in Piracicaba-SP (latitude 22° […]

The main environmental problem caused by land use in permanent protection  areas along river banks is the removal of the primary vegetation. Depending on the type and intensity of use, the soil structure of this river banks can be altered and the physical functions modified, especially near the watercourses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the structural sustainability of three classes of river bank soil using the preconsolidation pressure measurement and thereby assess the impact of these different […]

The intensive agricultural traffic on soils under coffee can cause excessive compaction, mainly when vehicles pass under inadequate soil moisture conditions, promoting yield decreases. Our objectives were: a) to assess the degradation of soil structure in the tractor track (TT) and the harvester track (HT), based on soil physical properties and load bearing capacity as related to the soil matric potential in three layers, b) to calculate the critical matric potential to prevent additional soil compaction by a Massey Ferguson […]

The soil CO2 emission has high spatial variability because it depends strongly on soil properties. The purpose of this study was to (i) characterize the spatial variability of soil respiration and related properties, (ii) evaluate the accuracy of results of the ordinary kriging method and sequential Gaussian simulation, and (iii) evaluate the uncertainty in predicting the spatial variability of soil CO2 emission and other properties using sequential Gaussian simulations. The study was conducted in a sugarcane area, using a regular […]