Volume 37, Number 4, 2013

The Archaeological Dark Earth (ADE) soils are characterized by its high fertility, dark color, and presence of pottery fragments. Regarding the formation of ADE, the most widely accepted hypothesis is that anthropogenic processes involving pre-Columbian populations made them. The purpose of this study is to characterize ADE units located in the Southern Amazon Region, in the cities of Apuí and Manicoré. Seven ADE sites were selected, trenches opened and the soil profiles characterized morphologically. Then, samples of each horizon were […]

The cohesive nature of horizons of certain soils interferes directly with plant growth, by reducing the effective soil depth, plant root volume and seedling emergence, due to the decreased availability of water and air in the soil. This paper aimed to use soil physical characteristics to describe the cohesive character and the influence of the soil landscape position on two slopesof soils developed from sediments of the Macacu Formation in Itaboraí, RJ, Brazil. The soils of both slopes were classified […]

Digital soil mapping allows predicting patterns of soil classes on the basis of well-known reference areas and of data mining techniques to model soil-landscape relationships. The purpose of this study was to (1) generate a digital pedological map using data mining techniques to associate geomorphometric and geology variables with soil classes of traditional soil maps in reference areas and (2) validate these maps by different field techniques. The mapping was carried out using the 1:50.000 Botucatu sheet (SF-22-Z-B-VI-3), and 1:50.000 […]

Several advances have been made in the field of diffuse spectroradiometry in the last decades. In agriculture, the search for quantification methods of physical and chemical properties of the production environment, based on soil reflectance, has been constantly researched. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of estimating the silt, sand, clay, sum of bases, total iron and organic matter content in soil samples based on the reflected energy. The samples were collected in a 2500 ha […]

Biological nitrogen fixation by rhizobium-legume symbiosis represents one of the most important nitrogen sources for plants and depends strongly on the symbiotic efficiency of the rhizobium strain. This study evaluated the symbiotic capacity of rhizobial isolates from calopo (CALOPOGONIUM MUCUNOIDES) taken from an agrisoil under BRACHIARIA DECUMBENS pasture, sabiá (MIMOSA CAESALPINIIFOLIA) plantations and Atlantic Forest areas of the Dry Forest Zone of Pernambuco. A total of 1,575 isolates were obtained from 398 groups. A single random isolate of each group […]

Knowledge about the variability of soil physical properties is fundamental for the monitoring of soil quality for being directly related to the sustainability of agricultural production. This study aimed to: a) assess and identify structures of spatial dependence by the construction of semi-variograms, for a Red-Yellow Latosol (Oxisol) under coffee, b) characterize the spatial distributions of the physical properties using ordinary kriging, and c) identify the layer with greatest physical impediment. The experiment was conducted on an experimental farm of […]

Studies on water retention and availability are scarce for subtropical or humid temperate climate regions of the southern hemisphere. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relations of the soil physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties with water retention and availability for the generation and validation of continuous point pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for soils of the State of Santa Catarina (SC) in the South of Brazil. Horizons of 44 profiles were sampled in areas under different cover crops and […]

Soil management practices which increase the root depth penetration of citrus are important to the longevity and yield maintenance of this plant, especially in regions where long periods of drought are common, even in soil conventionally subsoiled to a depth of 30-40 cm, when the orchard was first established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of subsoiling on the physical and hydric properties of a Typical Hapludult and fruit yield in a 14-year-old citrus orchard located […]

Due to the difficulty of estimating water percolation in unsaturated soils, the purpose of this study was to estimate water percolation based on time-domain reflectometry (TDR). In two drainage lysimeters with different soil textures TDR probes were installed, forming a water monitoring system consisting of different numbers of probes. The soils were saturated and covered with plastic to prevent evaporation. Tests of internal drainage were carried out using a TDR 100 unit with constant dielectric readings (every 15 min). To […]

Compaction is an important problem in soils under pastoral land use, and can make livestock systems unsustainable. The objective of this research was to study the impact of soil compaction on yield and quality of palisade (UROCHLOA BRIZANTHA cv. Marandu). The experiment was conducted on an Oxisol in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Treatments consisted of four levels of soil compaction: no compaction (NC), slight compaction (SC), medium compaction (MC) and high compaction (HC). The following soil properties were […]