Volume 23, Number 4, 1999

A field experiment, arranged in a four-replication split-plot design, was conducted in a Dark-Red Podzolic (Paleudult) to study infiltration rates, ponding time and initial runoff under conventional and no-tillage methods, plots cultivated with oats (Avena strigosa) and soybeans (Glycine max), using simulated rainfall with constant mean intensities of 63.0 and 87.0 mm/h. A small rainfall simulator with 80-100 and 80-150 Veejet nozzles was used, and the test sites had 0.81 m2. Smith’s model was adjusted to the observed data. Ponding […]

Soil Science deals with the understanding and modelling of the phenomena occurring in soils, mainly those related to the non-saturated zone. Since understanding most of those phenomena requires determination of parameters in scales allowing the incorporation of pore and aggregate variability to the models, a microscopic scale X-ray tomograph was built at Embrapa Agriculture Instrumentation. The aim was to generate non-destructive images of soil samples, within at least 100 ∝m spatial resolution. It was possible to design and construct a […]

Additional soil compaction occurs when the pressure applied on the soil is greater than the preconsolidation pressure, causing the soil to deform along the virgin compression line. The objectives of this study were: to validate the model proposed by Dias Junior (1994); to propose a model to quantify soil mechanical resistance and; to evaluate the effect of soil use and moisture on the virgin compression line and on the compression index of three Latosols under annual crop, natural forest and […]

The objective of this work was to studying the spatial variability of some chemical properties of a saline-sodic soil of alluvial origin, in the Irrigated Perimeter of São Gonçalo, district of Sousa-PB, Brazil. At an experimental area of 2912 m2, soil samples were collected in a grid with a spacing of 4 x 4 m, at a layer depth of 0 to 0.30 m. The data analysis was carried out by means of descriptive statistics and geostatistics. The results showed […]

Maghemite (γFe2O3) from tuffite is exceptionally rich in Mg, relatively to most of those reportedly found in other mafic lithosystems. To investigate in detail the compositional and structural variabilities of this natural magnetic iron oxide, sets of crystals were isolated from samples collected at different positions in a tuffite weathering mantle. These sets of crystal were individually powdered and studied by X-ray diffractometry, Mössbauer spectroscopy, magnetization measurements and chemical analysis. Lattice parameter of the cubic cell (a0) was found to […]

Sand, silt and clay fraction mineralogy as well as the weathering processes of two soils with excess of sodium (SPL and SS) were studied in the state of Ceará, Brazil. The sand coarse and silt were studied using polarized microscopy and phase contrast, while the fine silt and clay were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Additional information on the mineralogical transformations that occurred in the horizons of both pedons was obtained using scanning electron microscopy. The Solodic Planosol showed in the […]

The objective of this experiment was to quantify the extramatrical mycelium of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerdemann) grown on maize (Zea mays L. var. Piranão) provided with various levels of phosphate fertilizer and harvested at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP). Total extramatrical mycelium (TEM) was extracted from soil using a modified membrane filtration method, followed by quantification using a grid intersection technique. Active extramatrical mycelium (AEM) proportion was determined using an enzymatic […]

Studies from some semi-arid regions of the world have shown the beneficial effect of trees in silvopastoral systems, by promoting the formation of resource islands and increasing the sustainability of the system. No data are available in this respect for tree species of common occurrence in semi-arid Northeastern Brazil. In the present study, conducted in the summer of 1996, three tree species (Zyziphus joazeiro, Spondias tuberosa and Prosopis juliflora: ) found within Cenchrus ciliaris pastures were selected to evaluate differences […]

Many extracting procedures for the plant-available zinc have been developed. Total soil Zn fractionation has been used as an attempt to understand the reactions of this nutrient in soils and the behaviour of the extracting procedures. This work evaluated the influence of soil characteristics on the concentration of Zn extracted by different procedures and on soil Zn fractions. Samples were collected from the 0-20 cm surface layer of twelve soils, representing the great soil groups of Dark-Red Latosol (LE), Red-Yellow […]

Planting spacings and sowing dates may influence nutrient absorption. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out from 1991 to 1992, at the experimental station of Embrapa/Soil Research National Center, located in Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brazil, to determine the N, P and K uptake levels in the aerial part of sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea), Crotalaria ochroleuca, black velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima) and pigeonpea cv. Kaki (Cajanus cajan), under three sowing times (beginning, middle and end of the growing season) and two spacings […]