Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo.2021;45:e0200113.
Refining phosphorus fertilizer recommendations based on buffering capacity of soils from southern Brazil
Gilmar Luiz Mumbach 
, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni , Daniel João Dall’Orsoletta , Djalma Eugenio Schmitt , Douglas Luiz Grando , Abelino Anacleto de Souza Junior , Fernando Marcos Brignoli , Daniel Alexandre Iochims
16/Mar/2021
DOI: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20200113
Graphical Abstract
Highlights
Soils with a history of phosphate fertilization have lower buffer capacity.
Phosphorus buffer capacity is higher in soils with higher clay content.
Phosphorus fertilization should consider P status and soil clay contents.
Current P correction recommendations must be increased in soils with more than 40 % clay.
ABSTRACT
The phosphorus (P) rates recommended for corrective fertilization-P of soils from southern Brazil may be insufficient to reach the critical level for optimal plant growth. This study aimed to quantify the fertilizer-P rates for total correction fertilization with varying soil buffering capacity in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC). Soil samples from 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers were collected from 41 locations distributed in both states. Twelve P rates were applied to each soil, varying between 0 and 100 % of the maximum adsorption capacity (P-max), and incubated for 20 days. After incubation, the extractable P was determined by Mehlich-1. Based on the relationship between applied rates and extracted P, the P buffer capacity (trP_M1) of the soils was quantified, relating it to soil properties. The trP_M1 values, that is, amounts of P2O5 required to increase 1 mg dm-3 of P extracted by Mehlich-1, varied between 2.4 and 34.5 kg ha-1 of P2O5. A multiple explanatory equation for the variable P was generated, in which only P-max, clay content, and initial P availability have a significant effect. The P buffer capacity was significantly higher in the soils with the highest clay content, and there was a reduction in trP_M1 for soils with higher initial P availability. Considering 270 soil samples with low P, the P rate to reach the sufficient levels may be 2-folds higher than the values currently indicated for the RS and SC states, especially for soils with more than 40 % of clay. Phosphorus rates for corrective fertilization must be based on the soil clay content and in P initial availability. The fertilizer-P in clayey soils must be increased.
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