The cessation of growth of native forage during winter has encouraged the improvement of native grasslands. Aiming to study water intake rates and soil and water losses by erosion as affected by different methods of native grassland improvement, an experiment was conducted at the Agronomic Experimental Station of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, in Eldorado do Sul, Brazil, on a Paleudult soil under extensive native grassland use. A mixture of winter species of forage, specifically oat (Avena […]

Hydraulic conductivity is one of the most important soil properties for studies dealing with infiltration, water movement within the soil profile and to plant roots and internal drainage. The availability of the function hydraulic conductivity x soil water content (K(θ)) is essential to these studies. However, little is known about the variability of the empirical parameters of this function. Aiming to contribute with information on the variability of these parameters, a study is described in which observations of hydraulic conductivity […]

The objective of this work was to determine carbon and nitrogen content in the soil microbial biomass by comparing microwave radiation and chloroform fumigation using the extraction and incubation methods. Two soil samples (Dark-Red Podzolic) were submitted to incubation and extraction after chloroform fumigation and microwave radiation during different periods (2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 50 min). Two minutes under microwave radiation were sufficient to determine C and N content in the soil biomass using incubation and […]

The yield of 36 cacao trees (Theobroma cacao L.) on a farm in Itagibá, Bahia, Brazil were evaluated during the period of 1989-1995. The averages of the three highest yields (rainier years) and of the three lowest yields (drier years) of each area were considered the main variables. The variables were the chemical characteristics (pH in H2O and in KCl, organic carbon, total N, Al, Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, H + Al and the remaining […]

The objective of this work was to studying the spatial variability of some chemical properties of a saline-sodic soil of alluvial origin, in the Irrigated Perimeter of São Gonçalo, district of Sousa-PB, Brazil. At an experimental area of 2912 m2, soil samples were collected in a grid with a spacing of 4 x 4 m, at a layer depth of 0 to 0.30 m. The data analysis was carried out by means of descriptive statistics and geostatistics. The results showed […]

The objective of this experiment was to quantify the extramatrical mycelium of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerdemann) grown on maize (Zea mays L. var. Piranão) provided with various levels of phosphate fertilizer and harvested at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP). Total extramatrical mycelium (TEM) was extracted from soil using a modified membrane filtration method, followed by quantification using a grid intersection technique. Active extramatrical mycelium (AEM) proportion was determined using an enzymatic […]

A soil sequence (Oxisol → Ultisol → Alfisol) was studied on the border of a plateau, which is the oldest regional surface near the Piracicaba river valley (southeastern Brazil). Seven pits were identified, sampled and morphologically described under the different segments of the sequence (end of summit, shoulder, backslope and footslope). A bi-dimensional sketch of the soil horizons was drawn. Undeformed soil samples were taken for micromorphological studies, and mineralogical, chemical and granulometric analyses were performed. The very clayey Oxisols […]

The town of Umuarama, Northwest of Paraná, presents sandy and medium-textured soil, derived from Cretaceous Caiuá Formation Sandstone. Besides the natural fragility of these soils, deforestation, use and generalized occupation have contributed to the identification of erosive processes. A slope next to the urban area was selected for a toposequence study aiming at a macro and micromorphological pedologic characterization followed by a physico-hydric characterization of the pedologic horizons. The data allowed to reach some important conclusions concerning material behavior, hydric […]

To verify if the use of phosphate fertilizer and polluted irrigation water increased the levels of heavy metals in soil, samples of one Yellow Podzolic and two Yellow Latosol soils treated with phosphate fertilizers since 1968, and a Cambisol irrigated with water from the Paraíba do Sul River since 1978, cultivated with sugarcane in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, were analysed for total contents of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. The results from the soils that received […]

Studies from some semi-arid regions of the world have shown the beneficial effect of trees in silvopastoral systems, by promoting the formation of resource islands and increasing the sustainability of the system. No data are available in this respect for tree species of common occurrence in semi-arid Northeastern Brazil. In the present study, conducted in the summer of 1996, three tree species (Zyziphus joazeiro, Spondias tuberosa and Prosopis juliflora: ) found within Cenchrus ciliaris pastures were selected to evaluate differences […]