ABSTRACT Exchangeable Al is normally quantified in the extract of 1.0 mol L-1 KCl, but Al does not always come solely from exchangeable forms of the element. The objective of this study was to quantify Al forms existing in acid soils in order to elucidate if all Al-KCl comes from exchangeable forms. Soils samples with different mineralogical compositions were collected from many regions of Brazil. The following Al extractants were evaluated: the traditional method (1.0 mol L-1 KCl) and some […]

Alternative copper (Cu) sources could be used in fertilizer production, although the bioavailability of copper in these materials is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extractants neutral ammonium citrate (NAC), 2 % citric acid, 1 % acetic acid, 10 % HCl, 10 % H2SO4, buffer solution pH 6.0, DTPA, EDTA, water, and hot water in the quantification of available Cu content in several sources, relating them to the relative agronomic efficiency (RAE) of wheat grown in […]

Potassium availability for plants depends on the contents of the K forms present in the soils (non exchangeable, exchangeable and soluble K), which vary according to the degree of pedogenetic development of soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate K availability in soils with different degrees of pedogenetic development, based on the extraction of K from the soils with different extractants and with corn plants. Samples of the surface layer (0-30 cm) were collected from 12 representative soils […]

The soil fertility laboratories of the State of Paraíba use only Mehlich-1 as extractant to evaluate soil available P, independently of the soil weathering degree. Since most soils of the state are less weathered than elsewhere in Brazil, the efficiency of Mehlich-1 and of other extractors to evaluate the plant P availability must be tested. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Mehlich-1 (M-1), Mehlich-3 (M-3), Bray-1 (B-1) and mixed ion exchange resin (RTI) as extractants […]

Currently, part of the soil testing laboratories of Brazil determine exchangeable Al, Ca, and Mg in a 1 mol L-1 KCl soil extract and exchangeable sodium and potassium in the Mehlich-1 soil extract, which is also used for phosphorus extraction. Other laboratories use an anion exchange resin for P and also determine Ca, Mg and K in the same extract, while Al and Na cannot be determined. For this reason, it was considered a good opportunity to evaluate the simultaneous extraction of […]

The objective of this research was to evaluate a modified ion exchange resin method for Mn and Fe extraction from soils. Forty-four soil samples presenting low, medium, and high Mn and medium to high Fe concentrations were used. Maize and soybeans plants were grown as test plants in a pot experiment in a greenhouse. Soil samples were analyzed for Mn and Fe using the modified ion exchange resin, DTPA, AB-DTPA, Mehlich-1, and Mehlich-3 methods. The correlation coefficients between soil Mn […]

The aim of this work was to study the extraction of available boron using hot water and CaCl2 5 mmol L-1, and a microwave oven as the heating device. Boron was determined using azomethine-H. The influence of some soil characteristics on the performance of the extractants, was also studied. Corn plants were grown in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized block design, using 17 soil types and 6 B rates (0.0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.60, 0.90 and 1.5 mg dm-3) in a factorial with three […]

Phosphorus dynamics in waterlogged soils and sediments is environmentally important and seems closely related to redox reactions of iron compounds. In order to verify the effects of liming and phosphorus fertilization on soil Fe and P contents, nine lowland soil samples from Minas Gerais, Brazil, were treated with two lime and six phosphorus rates. After an aerobic incubation period, the soil Fe and P concentrations were determined by ammonium-acetate, Mehlich-1 and ammonium-oxalate extractants. The soils were then waterlogged and the […]