The Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo (RBCS) is a peer-reviewed journal edited by the Brazilian Society of Soil Science, whose mission is to disseminate original and relevant contributions on new knowledge in the different areas of Soil Science, with a view to promoting the sustainable use of this resource, maintaining productivity and food security and mitigating climate change.

The journal is published without discontinuity since 1977. After 1996, three numbers started to be published annually. From 1997 to 2002 and 2003 to 2015, the journal periodicity was four and six numbers published per year, respectively. During all these years, the journal was published in printed form.

RBCS adopted electronic submission in 2007 with its own software, but in 2015, an internationally recognized submission and processing platform, ScholarOne, was adopted. In 2016, the journal was submitted to a significant restructuring when the electronic format was adopted; moved to a continuous publication model; the manuscripts started to be published exclusively in English, although it was optional since 2007; and the editorial and the manuscripts review process board was restructured.

Throughout 2021, RBCS began planning to implement Open Science practices. In the near future, it is expected that all articles published in the journal will use Preprint servers, deposit their data in repositories, and be submitted to an open review process, which means that authors and reviewers know the identity of each other.